Vanadium is a largely obscure metal often used in making steel. It retains its hardness at high temperatures, so it’s ideal for making drill bits, engine turbines and other parts that generate heat.

Human emissions of the potentially harmful trace metal vanadium into Earth's atmosphere have spiked sharply since the start of the 21st century due in large part to industry's growing use of heavy ...

To help the industry, researchers are looking for a long-term fix that would accomplish a number of issues – achieving better prices, creating jobs and lowering the impact of oil sands on the ...