Sum-frequency generation (SFG) is a powerful vibrational spectroscopy that can selectively probe molecular structures at ...

There are thousands of known exoplanets, many of which are too dark to directly see, but scientists have made a 3D map by ...

Alfredo has a PhD in Astrophysics and a Master's in Quantum Fields and Fundamental Forces from Imperial College London. Alfredo has a PhD in Astrophysics and a Master's in Quantum Fields and ...

Discover why surface chemistry matters and how XPS imaging modes enable deeper insight into materials performance.

Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) is an effective method for examining ferroelectric materials due to its nanometer-level resolution and high sensitivity, inherited from atomic force microscopy ...