Scientists have discovered that the internal shape of tiny drug-delivery particles—called lipid nanoparticles—has a big impact on how well our cells absorb them, paving the way to more efficient ...

The most common side effects of mRNA vaccines like the COVID-19 shot are well known: soreness, mild fever, and general malaise. Those symptoms, which typically resolve within days, are the natural ...

To create A1 lipid nanoparticles for delivering mRNA to target cells, scientists at the University of Pennsylvania used A3 coupling. A3 refers to the amine–aldehyde–alkyne coupling reaction, which the ...

“We’ve never had such an in-depth map of the CD1 lipidome available,” said Patricia Barral, an immunologist at King’s College London who was not involved with the work. “It will enable us to start ...

Lipids are fatty compounds that perform a range of essential functions in the body. Phospholipids, steroids, and triglycerides are examples of lipids. Although lipids play an essential role in the ...

Architecture and design are important in all aspects of life. Whether it’s constructing a major building or creating new products, projects must be meticulously planned to succeed. That’s especially ...