Switch-mode regulators include the buck (step-down) and the boost (step-up), forward and flyback topologies, as well as the SEPIC, hysteretic and multiphase converters. Two basic IC topologies are ...

Pulse width modulation (PWM) is a common technique for generating analog voltages from a digital device such as a microcontroller or FPGA. Most microcontrollers have dedicated PWM generation ...

Proper thermal dissipation is an essential rule for nowadays electronics. The best operating temperature for the electronic components is 25 degrees (standard room temperature). Thermal dissipation in ...

Once more opto-isolators are to be seen in Wonderland. The aim was to see if the faster photodiode types can operate quickly in common collector mode. They consist of an infra-red led and a fast npn ...