The research team proposed a method called aberration-converged annular lithography (ACAL) system, as schematic diagram shown in Figure 1. The Gaussian beam is converted into a collimated annular beam ...

The terahertz (THz) band of the electromagnetic spectrum holds immense promise for next-generation technologies, including high-speed wireless communication, advanced encryption, and medical imaging.

Vortex phenomena are widespread in nature, from typhoons to ocean currents. In the field of optics, vortex beams, which carry orbital angular momentum, have spiral wavefronts and ring-shaped intensity ...