Karl Smith writes "In Which I Disagree With Almost Every Word Mike Mandel Says." It’s a long post (though not nearly as long as mine), and I just wanted to reply to two points. First, Karl says: The ...

Many models of economic growth exclude materials, energy and other intermediate inputs from the production function. Growing environmental pressures and resource prices suggest that this may be ...

Disclaimer: This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the IMF.The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those ...

The rising interconnectedness of production centres around the world highlights the role of imported intermediate inputs in manufacturing processes. Intermediate inputs are partly finished goods, such ...

Abstract: Based on historical, international and Chinese regional data, this paper reveals the general law of the change of intermediate input rate and the evolution characteristics of China’s ...

Under the recent rapid development of production fragmentation across countries, there is a growing number of studies that examines the effect of international outsourcing and offshoring decisions on ...

This paper estimates agricultural total factor productivity (TFP) in 162 countries between 1991 and 2015 and aims to understand sources of cross-country variations in agricultural TFP levels and its ...