A new review was published as the cover paper of Aging, titled "Types of cell death and their relations to host immunological pathways." Various immune pathways in the host, such as TH1, TH2, TH3, TH9 ...

A conceptual illustration showing how ubiquitin-like 3 (UBL3) modification acts as a molecular “tag” that directs selected proteins into small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). Inside the secreting cell, ...

A new review was published as the cover paper of Aging (listed by MEDLINE/PubMed as "Aging (Albany NY)" and "Aging-US" by Web of Science), Volume 16, Issue 15, entitled, "Types of cell death and their ...

The study further shows that this structural function of skin neutrophils is regulated by the TGF-β signaling pathway. By genetically deleting this pathway in mice, the authors showed that the ...

Adenosine deaminase 2 (ADA2) plays a critical role in immune regulation, particularly in monocyte differentiation and activation. Unlike ADA1, which primarily functions intracellularly, ADA2 can be ...

Scientists generally agree that eukaryotes, the domain of life whose cells contain nuclei and that includes almost all multicellular organisms, originated from a process involving the symbiotic union ...

All cells, from bacteria to mammalian cells, produce extracellular vesicles—tiny membrane-enclosed packages of bioactive cargo. 1 Until relatively recently, scientists believed these organic ...

Cancer immunotherapy seeks to harness the natural protective ability of our immune system to fight against cancer. A market report published by Grand View Research estimated that the global cancer ...

Mitochondrial dysfunctions are associated with a variety of pathologies, and the onset and progression of disease are accompanied by alterations in extracellular biochemical and mechanical signals.

Mitochondria have primarily been known as the energy-producing components of cells. But scientists are increasingly discovering that these small organelles do much more than just power cells. They are ...